The Integrated Psychological leadership model is so called because it integrates the thinking behind the four other leadership models sub-groups, while also addressing the leader's inner psychology, which tends not to be considered in other more traditional or conventional types of leadership models. James Scouller's...
Trait-based leadership - the oldest type of thinking about effective leadership - is defined as integrated patterns of personal characteristics that reflect a range of individual differences and foster consistent leader effectiveness across a variety of group and organizational situations (Zaccaro, Kemp, & Bader, 2004). Basically,...
This Model by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard also argues that leaders must change their behaviour according to the circumstances. This theory is based on the concept of variable leadership, where, depending on the situation, a leader is able to adapt to suit the current...
Bolman and Deal argued that leaders should look at and approach organisational issues from four perspectives, which they called “frames”. In their view, if a leader works with only one habitual frame of reference, he risks being ineffective. The four frames they proposed were; Structural, Human...
Fiedler’s argument was that a leader’s effectiveness is dependent on two forces: situational favourableness and his/her own style. For Fiedler, there were three factors determining the favourableness of a situation; How much trust, respect and confidence exists between leader and team? How clearly the task is...
Robert House believed the main role of a leader is to motivate his followers by increasing or clarifying the personal benefits of striving for and reaching the group’s goal and clarifying and clearing a path to achieving the group’s goals. His theory matched ways of behaving...
Kurt Lewin identified three Behavioural styles among leaders. Now these three styles could also fit into the Leadership Styles module. However if you bear in mind the strengths and weaknesses of each approach, you can match them to your circumstances - provided, of course, you...
'Situational' (or 'Contingency') leadership models are based on the idea that the leader's actions should vary according to the circumstances he or she is facing - in other words leadership methods change according to the 'situation' in which the leader is leading. This category includes...
Functional types of leadership models focus on what the leader has to do. Unlike the Behavioural Ideals approach, Functional leadership models do not suggest ideal ways of behaving, nor do they match behaviours to circumstances like Situational/Contingency theory. Instead, Functional leadership models focus on the action areas that...
'Behavioural Ideals' leadership models concentrate on what researchers believe are the most effective behaviours as a leader. The notable model in this category is Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid. The 'behavioural ideals' approach argues that if a leader is to be effective he, or she, should...